Philosophers

Western Philosophy 

Spinoza, a Dutch Philosopher was Dying Young

Baruch Spinoza or Benedict Spinoza (1632-1677) is a philosopher who was born in Amsterdam from Jews who fled from Spain. His father wanted him to be a pastor because of his intelligence. He studied the Gospels, Talmoed, Jewish philosophy, scholastic, Philosophy Bruno and Descartes. At the age of 24 years he was excommunicated from the synagogue because of his views are very radical. He became famous because he is often associated with Leibniz and

Huyghens. In 1873 he refused to become a lecturer at the University of Heidelberg. For him, working with using force is more respectable. On February 20, 1677 he died of tuberculosis at the age of 44 years. 
Thought of Spinoza is almost similar to Descartes: God can be explained by the ratio, because there is nothing secret in this world. God is the only substance of the One, eternal, infinite, independent and not dependent on the creature. 
The works of Spinoza is the Apologia, The Theological Political Treatise, Ethics.